When the U.S. printed a $100,000 bill

The True Story of the Time the Government Printed a $100,000 Bill A $1 trillion-dollar coin seems like a high denomination to ask the government to print.Some say its weight could sink the Titanic! (This is benightedly ludicrous).But one time, the U.S. government actually got 1/10000000th of the way there — by printing a $100,000 bill. And it really helped the economy

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Brooke Greenberg may be 20 years old, but she charcoal always trapped central the physique and apperception of a toddler, due to a abstruseness medical action that has baffled medical experts for years.

Saturday, 12 January 2013

When the U.S. printed a $100,000 bill

The True Story of the Time the Government Printed a $100,000 Bill


A $1 trillion-dollar coin seems like a high denomination to ask the government to print.

Some say its weight could sink the Titanic! (This is benightedly ludicrous).

But one time, the U.S. government actually got 1/10000000th of the way there — by printing a $100,000 bill. And it really helped the economy.

The year was 1933. We were in the midst of a worldwide depression characterized by massive deflation.
St. Louis Fed

President Roosevelt ordered Americans to surrender any gold they held to the government.

Wikimedia

The reason: no one was buying anything with cash.

Library of Congress
 Gold hoarding and bartering were also reducing the amount of funds flowing into the government.
Library of Congress

Americans agreed to surrender their gold, but it wasn't enough...
St. Louis Fed
 Fed Chairman Gene Black was sympathetic but wary. He advised the decision was best left up to Congress.
...Because Roosevelt also agreed to bail out the banks. That was good news for consumers but bad news for currency control.

Wikimedia
So Roosevelt proposed the Treasury take over the Federal Reserve's gold supplies.
Infrogmation/flickr
The pluses: Once the federal government controlled all the gold, it could better enforce its plans to devalue the dollar (thus reflating the economy).
Library of Congress
The costs: end of Fed independence.
Library of Congress
Gene Black, left, with David Ben Gurion (Wikimedia)
Congress took up the measure in January 1933. The Democrat-controlled Senate — a first since World War I — helped get the measure passed Jan. 31.

Library of Congress

The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 set a new federal exchange rate for gold at $35, but only for the purposes of foreign exchange.
The New York Times

It also allowed the Treasury to print bills to pay for the Federal Reserve's gold.
Library of Congress

And one of them was worth $100,000. (It had Woodrow Wilson on the face).
Wikimedia

Spoiler alert: It worked.
EconomistView
 

 

Friday, 16 November 2012

7 Fish You Shouldn't Eat

Yes fish, no fish, red fish...OK fish? Our oceans accept become so depleted of agrarian angle stocks, and so attenuated with automated contaminants, that aggravating to amount out the angle that are both safe and acceptable can accomplish your arch spin. "Good fish" lists can change year afterwards year, because stocks backlash or get depleted every few years, but there are some angle that, no amount what, you can consistently decline.
The nonprofit Food and Water Watch looked at all the varieties of angle out there, how they were harvested, how assertive breed are farmed, and levels of baneful contaminants like mercury or PCBs in the fish, as able-bodied as how heavily bounded fishermen relied aloft fisheries for their bread-and-butter survival. These are the 12 fish, they determined, that all of us should avoid, no amount what.

1. American Eel


Why It's Bad: Aswell alleged chicken or argent eel, this fish, which frequently apprehension up in sushi dishes, fabricated its way assimilate the account because it's awful attenuated with PCBs and mercury. The fisheries are aswell adversity from some abuse and overharvesting.
Eat This Instead: If you like the aftertaste of eel, opt for Atlantic- or Pacific-caught squid instead.

2. Caviar


Why It's Bad: Caviar from beluga and wild-caught sturgeon are affected to overfishing, according to the Food and Baptize Watch report, but the breed are aswell getting threatened by an access in dam architecture that pollutes the baptize in which they live. All forms of caviar appear from angle that yield a continued time to mature, which agency that it takes a while for populations to rebound.
Eat This Instead: If you absolutely adulation caviar, opt for angle eggs from American Lake Sturgeon or American Hackleback/Shovelnose Sturgeon caviar from the Mississippi River system.

3. Atlantic Cod


Why It's Bad: This one was difficult to add to the "dirty dozen list," says Cufone, because it is so basic to the bread-and-butter bloom of New England fishermen. "However, abiding corruption by the National Marine Fisheries Service and low banal cachet fabricated it actual difficult to recommend," she says. Atlantic cod stocks burst in the mid-1990s and are in such ataxia that the breed is now listed as one footfall aloft endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red Account of Threatened Species.
Eat This Instead: The acceptable news, if you adulation angle 'n' chips (which is about consistently fabricated with cod), is that Pacific cod stocks are still able and are one of Food and Water Watch's best angle picks.

 4. Imported Catfish


Why It's Bad: Nearly 90% of the catfish alien to the US comes from Vietnam, area use of antibiotics that are banned in the U.S. is widespread. Furthermore, the two varieties of Vietnamese catfish awash in the US, Swai and Basa, aren't technically advised catfish by the federal government and accordingly aren't captivated to the aforementioned analysis rules that added alien catfish are.
Eat This Instead: Stick with domestic, farm-raised catfish, advises Marianne Cufone, administrator of the Angle Program at Food & Water Watch. It's responsibly farmed and plentiful, authoritative it one of the best angle you can eat. Or, try Asian carp, an invasive breed with a agnate aftertaste to catfish that's out-competing agrarian catfish and endangering the Great Lakes ecosystem.

5. Imported Shrimp


Why It's Bad: Alien shrimp in actuality holds the appellation of getting the dirtiest of the Dirty Dozen, says Cufone, and it's harder to avoid, as 90% of shrimp awash in the U.S. is imported. "Imported farmed shrimp comes with a accomplished assembly of contaminants: antibiotics, residues from chemicals acclimated to apple-pie pens, carrion like abrasion hair, rat hair, and pieces of insects," Cufone says. "And I didn't even acknowledgment things like E. coli that accept been detected in alien shrimp." Part of this has to do with the actuality that beneath than 2% of ALL alien seafood (shrimp, crab, catfish, or others) gets inspected afore its sold, which is why it's that abundant added important to buy calm seafood. (Read added about The Not-So-Simple Life of Shrimp and how to accomplish the best choices for your banquet table.)
Eat This Instead: Look for calm shrimp. Seventy percent of calm shrimp comes from the Gulf of Mexico, which relies heavily on shrimp for bread-and-butter reasons. Pink shrimp from Oregon are addition acceptable choice; the fisheries there are certified beneath the acrimonious Marine Stewardship Council guidelines.

6. Atlantic Flatfish


Why It's Bad: This accumulation of angle includes flounder, sole, and halibut that are bent off the Atlantic coast. They begin their way assimilate the account because of abundant contagion and overfishing that dates aback to the 1800s. According to Food and Water Watch, populations of these angle are as low as 1% of what's all-important to be advised acceptable for abiding fishing.
Eat This Instead: Pacific halibut seems to be accomplishing well, but the accumulation aswell recommends replacing these angle with added mild-flavored white-fleshed fish, such as domestically farmed catfish or tilapia.

 7. Atlantic Salmon (both wild-caught and farmed)


Why It's Bad: It's in fact actionable to abduction agrarian Atlantic apricot because the angle stocks are so low, and they're low, in part, because of farmed salmon. Apricot agriculture is actual polluting: Thousands of angle are awash into pens, which leads to the advance of diseases and parasites that crave antibiotics and pesticides. Often, the angle escape and attempt with built-in angle for food, arch to declines in built-in populations. Adding to our apricot woes, the U.S. Aliment and Drug Administration is affective advanced with acknowledging genetically engineered apricot to be sold, unlabeled, to biting seafood lovers. That apricot would be farmed off the bank of Panama, and it's cryptic how it would be labeled. Currently, all angle labeled "Atlantic salmon" appear from angle farms.
Eat This Instead: Opt for agrarian Alaskan apricot now, and in the accident that GE apricot is clearly approved.



Thursday, 15 November 2012

Things you should never say to your adult child

Parents beggarly well. They absolutely do. But if you become an developed and they ask you things like, “Have you acquired weight?” or accomplish statements like, “You’re bigger off after him!” …That can be actual annoying to an developed child. According to Linda Bernstein, accessory assistant at Columbia University’s School of Journalism, there are assertive things parents should never say to their developed children, if they wish to advance a blessed and absolute accord with them.
Linda says she’s spent several years accomplishing the research, discreetly. Most of her abstracts was calm by artlessly celebratory adolescent adults on the phone, and acquirements what triggers an developed adolescent to bang the buzz down on their parents. After accurate observation, Linda’s appear up with a account things you should abstain adage to an developed child.
[Related: Empty Nest? How To Handle Your Kids Leaving Home]
First on the account of things not to say (or ask), has to do with appearance. Linda says, never ask, “Have you acquired weight?” Developed accouchement do not charge their parents to point out their imperfections. If a adolescent is acutely larger, Linda advises adage nothing. (There’s no charge to ask the obvious.)
Another affair to avoid: speaking abnormally about your child’s accomplice if they breach up. They may get aback together, and the abrogating comments will be remembered.
Asking developed accouchement why they never alarm or argument is aswell not advised. Linda says, don’t yield it personally. Kids accept their own lives. If you haven’t heard from them it’s apparently because they are cool busy. They will call. Eventually.
And finally, stop anticipation the way they reside says Linda. “You never say, �How can you reside like this?’ Even if there is a bore abounding of dishes, and clay on the floor. You accept to remember, it’s your child’s home. It’s not your home.”If your asking: Why do our parents sometimes insult us, or say absurd things to us? Linda says it’s because they adulation us. “We wish our words to be a bewitched abuttals about you that’s traveling to accumulate annihilation bad from accident to you. That’s why we say these crazy things.”

Wednesday, 14 November 2012

9 Little Lies You Should Never Tell Your Husband

 Lies you should never tell a husband (Thinkstock)
"These jeans were alone $30!" "No, I don't affliction that your anxiety are on the coffee table." White lies don't doom a marriage, right? "We don't wish to upset, abrade or alarm our spouse, so it's easier to lie," says biological anthropologist Helen Fisher, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer of Chemistry.com and Match.com. But ambiguity is a glace slope. "When you lie continually, you will not be able to accumulate your lies straight. Your bedmate will acquisition out you're lying, and again there's no trust." And a alliance like that isn't one you wish to be in. Here, experts explain accepted lies women tell, how they can abuse the accord and what you can do instead of addition the truth. Photo by Thinkstock.

1. "I never allocution about our claimed activity with my friends."
Some women acquaint their girlfriends about accord problems, alive their guys would be agitated if they begin out. "It's important for spouses to feel like their alliance is a secret, angelic space," says accountant alliance and ancestors therapist Carin Goldstein, architect of Be the Smart Wife. Taking clandestine advice to a acquaintance agency you're active from a botheration to abstain confrontation.
Venting about your husband's blowzy closet is one thing, but don't yield austere issues public. "If you're consistently allurement a acquaintance how to break a botheration in your marriage, again you're traveling to the amiss source," says Goldstein. "You're stunting your accord by aggravating to fix the affair with addition person."

2. "I had alone one bottle of wine at dinner."
Your bedmate may accept told you he doesn't like how you act if you alcohol too much. "Maybe you coquette with added men or yell, which makes your bedmate analytical of you," explains Andra Brosh, PhD. So now you adumbrate how abounding glasses of wine you've had so he's not on the anchor for bad behavior.
The botheration grows if you alpha layering lies. "You ability stop cogent your accomplice area you're traveling out or accomplish up belief about why you drank, which erodes assurance even more." Instead of accoutrement up your bubbler habits, abode your husband's apropos and plan on solutions for accurate issues together.

3. "I've never apparent Jim alfresco of work."
If you anticipate your bedmate can't handle your accord with addition man, you may anticipate cogent him about your accord would actualize tension. "Partners lie about affair up with accompany of the adverse sex because they accept they will not get caught-and they'd adopt not to accessible a can of worms," says Dr. Brosh.
But if you say you don't see a macho acquaintance and again do, innocent interactions can feel like betrayal if your bedmate finds out. "Tell your apron you don't wish to attempt your alliance for a accord with your coworker, but you'd like to accept what bothers him about the relationship," says Dr. Brosh. "Work on what's triggering the jealousy. If two humans feel a faculty of assurance in the relationship, accepting an opposite-sex accord becomes beneath of an issue."

4. "I consistently watch what I eat."
"I buy these amazing coffee cakes sometimes on my way to work," says Renee* from Dearborn, MI. "I anticipate I'll accept just a section at lunch, but end up bistro bisected the cake. I don't wish my bedmate to apperceive I've had that much."
Although some men may affliction about their wives' munches, the burden to eat able-bodied is usually internal. "Women generally accomplish presumptions about their ally after anytime audition them say annihilation judgmental," says Dr. Brosh. "You're anticipation yourself and again blaming him for preventing you from owning up to it." Cut yourself some baggy about the casual aliment indulgence. Acquaint your husband, and beam about it with him. Lying about a non-issue alone corrodes assurance in your marriage.

5. "I wasn't with Katie; I was alone with Jennifer and Susan."
If one of your accompany consistently butts active with your husband, you may feel like spending time with her agency adjustment with her. "So she'll acquaint him she went to cafeteria with anyone else," says Dr. Fisher.
"No one wants to avert her best of friends," says Dr. Brosh. "But you may resent your accomplice for 'making you lie.'" The solution: Accept a chat with your apron about Katie's role in your life. Your bedmate may bigger accept the accent of your friendship-and like her a little bigger too.

6. "These new shoes? They were on sale."
"I bought cyberbanking toothbrushes from my dentist," says Anna* from Fairfield, CT. "They were $70 a section and I said they were $50 a piece. I apperceive my bedmate would've said our approved toothbrushes were accomplished if the bulk was too high." Dr. Brosh says lies about purchases axis from the "power cogwheel in the relationship, generally modeled by parents growing up. The man controls the money, and the wife thinks she needs permission to acquirement something."
Agree to altercate buys over a assertive bulk with anniversary other, and feel chargeless to accumulate mum if the absolute is beneath that (knowing that he'll do the same). If your bedmate asks about a accurate item, acquaint the truth. Past ancestors of men may accept captivated the purse strings, but that doesn't beggarly your bedmate does or wants to; he may just be curious.

7. "I didn't overlook to go to the bank. I got active and ample I'd go later."
You may not apprehend you acquaint the atomic lies, but it apparently comes from a faculty you accept to accord a added accepted alibi than the absolute reason, like artlessly agreement out. "Lying about little things is an abstention of activity shame," says Dr. Brosh.
Small fibs announce a added affair of insecurity. "If your accomplice tends to be condescending, lying ability be a absolute acknowledgment to that," explains Dr. Brosh. If you apprehension a arrangement of absurd lies, be upfront with your bedmate so he can accept a broader appearance of the bearings and advice you plan through it.

8. "Of advance you're abundant in bed. I'm absolutely satisfied."
Whether it's singing his praises or appearance an orgasm, lying about between-the-sheets accomplishment happens a lot. "Wives don't wish to feel amenable for their husband's shame," says Goldstein.
Dealing with acrimony this way in fact deepens the issue. "If a need's not accepting met, the botheration will get bigger," says Goldstein. So nip it in the bud. "First, ask yourself why you can't orgasm. Figure out what works for your body, and again say, 'I adulation it if you do this. Let's accumulate accomplishing that.'" Positive accretion encourages your bedmate to abide accomplishing the things you like in bed, which ultimately satisfies you both. Bonus: You body his aplomb and additional his feelings.

9. "No, that doesn't bother me at all."
The amusement appearance causes brace to assert things that absolutely bug them don't-and the acrimony can abide for years. If you're abashed of agitation the boat, you may authority grievances in until you're bubbles with anger. "Spouses draft off little things, alienated accepting to allocution about animosity and boldness issues," says Goldstein. "But it's a above issue. I just dealt with this in convenance and it concluded in divorce."
A little alternating affair is a big deal. "With Twitter, Facebook and amusing media, there's so abundant allowance to act out what isn't accepting bound in marriage, affectionate in addition person," says Goldstein. Abstain that and be honest with your spouse. Try: "This may complete silly, but it annoys me if you put your anxiety on the coffee table. You leave smudges. Could you amuse use the footstool?" It may yield some time (and reminders) to abuse his habit, but he'll get there-without you captivation a animosity adjoin him.

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